(diplomonad)

BASAL EUKARYOTA Condensed greatly from Tree of Life for taxa covered in Zool250 (P/B refers to Pearse/Pearse/Buchsbaum/Buchsbaum, 1987, Living Invertebrates)

(foraminifera)

     =================== Prokaryotes
<<===|
     |    ==D=========== Diplomonads (P/B phylum Metamonadida, zooflagellate, Giardia)
     ==E==|
          |     ======== "radiolaria" (P/B phyla Acantharia; Heliozoa); actinopod sarcodine
          ==Mt==|
                ======== Granuloreticulosa (foraminifera); rhizopod rhizopod sarcodine
                |
                ================================== TO CROWN EUKARYOTES ===>

TRAITS MAPPED ON ABOVE TREE:

D= ancient retrotransposon (Burke et al. 2002 Mol. Biol. Evol. 19:619) E= Eukaryotes: mitosis, membrane-bound organelles including: nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus?, lysosomes?) Mt= mitochondria

(amoeba)

(Volvox)

CROWN EUKARYOTES (condensed from Tree of Life; following Keeling et al. 2005 & Ruppert et al. 2004)

(paramecium)

(radiolarian)

(trypanosome)

---

               =======B,G,M====================================== TO METAZOA ===>
          =DCh=|
      =O==|    ==== Choanoflagellata; zooflagellate
      |   |
      |   ===M===== Fungi (mushrooms, molds, yeast, etc.)
  ====|
  |   ============= Amoebozoa(Amoeba, slime molds); rhizopod sarcodine
  |
  |           ===== Chlorophyceae (unicellular green algae; Chlamydamonas, Volvox); phytoflagellate
<<|        ===|
  |    =Cp=|  ==M== Embryophytes (land plants)
  |    |   |
  | ===|   =====M== Rhodophyta (red algae)
  | |  |
  | |  ============ Glaucophyta (contain symbiotic cyanobacteria)
  | |
  | |       ==N==== Ciliophora (Paramecium, Stentor, Spirostoma); the ciliates
  ==|       |
    |    =A=| =Cp== Dinoflagellata; phytoflagellate
    |    |  ==|
    | ===|    ===== Apicomplexa(Plasmodium); sporozoan
    | |  |
    | |  ==M,Cp,S== Stramenopiles (incl. P/B phylum Diatomae= diatoms, brown algae & other taxa)
    ==|
      |      ==Cp== Euglenida (Euglena); phytoflagellate
      ===E===|
             ====== Kinetoplastida (Trypanosoma); zooflagellate

TRAITS MAPPED ON ABOVE TREE:

A= Alveolates: cell surface underlain by many adja-cent sacs or alveoli; tubular mitochondrial cristae B= blastula Ch= choanocyte (monociliated cells with ring of microvilli around flagellum & distinct flagellar vane) Cp= chloroplast D= diplosome (microtubular flagellar root) E= Euglenozoa: 1 or 2 anterior flagella, discoid mitochondrial christae G= collagen M= multicellularity N= micro- & macro-nucleus O= Opisthokonta: posterior flagellum on motile cells S= unique 3-part mastigonemes in flagella