(diplomonad)

BASAL EUKARYOTA Condensed greatly from Tree of Life for taxa covered in Zool250 (P/B refers to Pearse/Pearse/Buchsbaum/Buchsbaum, 1987, Living Invertebrates)

(foraminifera)

     =================== Prokaryotes
<<===|
     |    ==D=========== Diplomonads (P/B phylum Metamonadida, zooflagellate, Giardia)
     ==E==|
          |     ================================== TO CROWN EUKARYOTES ===>
          ==Mt==|
                ======== Granuloreticulosa (foraminifera); rhizopod sarcodine

TRAITS MAPPED ON ABOVE TREE:

D= ancient retrotransposon (Burke et al. 2002 Mol. Biol. Evol. 19:619) E= Eukaryotes: mitosis, membrane-bound organelles including: nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus?, lysosomes?) Mt= mitochondria

(amoeba)

(Volvox)

CROWN EUKARYOTES (condensed from Tree of Life; following Baldauf et al. 2000 & Moreira et al. 2000)

(paramecium)

(radiolarian)

(trypanosome)

---

               =======BGM========================================= TO METAZOA ===>
          =DCh=|
        ==|    === Choanoflagellata; zooflagellate
        | |
        | ===M==== Fungi (mushrooms, molds, yeast, etc.)
  ======|
  |     ========== Entamoebae (P/B phylum Amoebozoa; Amoeba); rhizopod sarcodine
  |
  |           ==== Chlorophyceae (unicellular green algae; Chlamydamonas, Volvox); phytoflagellate
<<|        ===|
  |    =Cp=|  ==M= Embryophytes (land plants)
  |    |   |
  | ===|   =====M= Rhodophyta (red algae)
  | |  |
  | |  =========== Glaucophyta (contain symbiotic cyanobacteria)
  | |
  | |       ==N=== Ciliophora (Paramecium, Stentor, Spirostoma); the ciliates
  ==|       |
    |    ===| =Cp= Dinoflagellata; phytoflagellate
    |    |  ==|
    | ===|    ==== Euapicomplexa (P/B phylum Apicomplexa, Plasmodium); sporozoan
    | |  |
    | |  |===MCp== Stramenopiles (incl. P/B phylum Diatomae= diatoms, brown algae & other taxa)
    ==|  |
      |  ========= "radiolaria" (P/B phylum Acantharia; Phaeodaria); actinopod sarcodine
      |
      |             =Cp= Euglenida (Euglena); phytoflagellate
      ==Euglenozoa==|
                    ==== Kinetoplastida(Trypanosoma); zooflagellate

TRAITS MAPPED ON ABOVE TREE:

B= blastula Ch= choanocyte (monociliated cells with ring of microvilli around flagellum & distinct flagellar vane) D= diplosome (microtubular flagellar root) G= collagen Cp= chloroplast M= multicellularity N= micro- & macro-nucleus