{"id":7,"date":"2015-03-09T12:22:13","date_gmt":"2015-03-09T16:22:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/?page_id=7"},"modified":"2020-05-23T15:01:43","modified_gmt":"2020-05-23T21:01:43","slug":"lab-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/?page_id=7","title":{"rendered":"Lab 01 &#8211; Preservation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Fossil is evidence of pre-existing life which has been preserved in different kind of rocks on earth. The definition of a fossil includes not only the remains of organisms, but tracks, footprints, imprints, etc. It can be difficult to differentiate between a fossil, and something that is just a dead plant or animal. In this lab you will see the different types of preservation that you will come across during this course.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_148\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3697.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-148\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-148\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3697-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Neuropteris (leaf) Impression\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3697-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3697-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3697-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-148\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Neuropteris (leaf)<br \/>Preservation: Impression<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-98\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3641-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Angiosperm leaf. Impression\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3641-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3641-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3641-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>L1-30: Angiosperm leaf.<br \/>\nPreservation: Impression<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_92\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3629.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-92\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-92\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3629-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Coal a compression of many plant fossils.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3629-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3629-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3629-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-92\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Coal a compression of many plant fossils.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_95\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3633.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-95\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-95\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3633-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Spore coal Age: Pennsylvanian from Michigan. The coal is composed of masses of megaspores.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3633-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3633-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3633-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-95\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L1-26: Spore coal<br \/>Age: Pennsylvanian from Michigan. The coal is composed of masses of megaspores.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_94\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3632.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-94\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-94\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3632-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Paper coal. Age: Pennsylvanian from Indiana.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3632-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3632-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3632-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-94\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L1-25: Paper coal. Age: Pennsylvanian from Indiana.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_93\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3630.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-93\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-93\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3630-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Lignite coal. \" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3630-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3630-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3630-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-93\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L1-24: Lignite coal.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_79\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/03\/IMG_3613L..jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-79\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-79\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/03\/IMG_3613L.-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Glyptostrobus on vocanic ash, from Smoky Tower, AB. Age: Paleocene. Paskapoo Formation. Compression.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/03\/IMG_3613L.-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/03\/IMG_3613L.-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/03\/IMG_3613L.-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-79\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L1-1: Glyptostrobus on vocanic ash, from Smoky Tower, AB.<br \/>Age: Paleocene. Paskapoo Formation. Compression.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_81\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3615.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-81\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-81\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3615-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Vegetative Azolla on volcanic ash. Age: Eocene. From Princeton, BC. Compression.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3615-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3615-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3615-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-81\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L1-5: Vegetative Azolla on volcanic ash.<br \/>Age: Eocene. From Princeton, BC.<br \/>Compression.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_82\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3618.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-82\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-82\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3618-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Leaf of Betula and Zelkova. From Smithers, BC. Age: Eocene. Compression on volcanic ash.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3618-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3618-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3618-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-82\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L1-6: Leaf of Betula and Zelkova. From Smithers, BC. Age: Eocene. Compression on volcanic ash.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_88\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3624.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-88\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-88\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3624-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Peels of cuticle\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3624-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3624-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3624-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-88\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Peels of cuticle<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_114\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3662.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-114\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-114\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3662-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Conifer wood, petrified. Age: Cretaceous from Alberta.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3662-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3662-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3662-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-114\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Conifer wood, petrified. Age: Cretaceous from Alberta.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_119\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3667.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-119\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-119\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3667-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Silicified petrification . &quot;Opalized&quot;\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3667-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3667-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3667-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-119\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L1-60: Silicified petrification .<br \/>&#8220;Opalized&#8221;<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_111\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3656.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-111\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-111\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3656-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"?\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3656-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3656-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3656-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-111\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L1-50: Permineralized root called Stigmaria.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_144\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3692.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-144\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-144\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3692-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Sigillaria approximata. Peel\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3692-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3692-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3692-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-144\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L1-82: Sigillaria approximata.<br \/>Peel<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_121\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3669.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-121\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-121\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3669-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Wood - unaltered remains\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3669-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3669-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3669-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-121\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wood &#8211; unaltered remains<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_130\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3678.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-130\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-130\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3678-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Pinus cones from the Miocene, N. Yukon. Unaltered remains.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3678-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3678-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3678-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-130\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L1-71: Pinus cones from the Miocene, N. Yukon.<br \/>Unaltered remains.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_128\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3676.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-128\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-128\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3676-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Pinus cone and cone scales unaltered remains. Miocen, N. Yukon.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3676-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3676-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3676-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-128\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L1-70: Part of a Pinus cone and cone scales<br \/>unaltered remains.<br \/>Miocen, N. Yukon.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_107\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3651.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-107\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-107\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3651-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Cast of Cercidiphyllum fruits. Age: Paleocene. Burbank, Alberta.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3651-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3651-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3651-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-107\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L1-39: Cast of Cercidiphyllum fruits. Age: Paleocene.<br \/>Burbank, Alberta.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_105\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3649.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-105\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-105\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3649-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Trigonocarpus - seed cast Age: Paleocene, Paskapoo Fm. Burbank, Alberta.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3649-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3649-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3649-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-105\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L1-38: Trigonocarpus &#8211; seed cast<br \/>Age: Paleocene, Paskapoo Fm.<br \/>Burbank, Alberta.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_104\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3647.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-104\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-104\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3647-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Lepidodendron - leaf scars. Age: Pennsylvanian from Hardinsbury, Illinois. This kind of preservation is called &quot;Mold&quot;.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3647-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3647-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3647-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-104\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L1-37: Lepidodendron &#8211; leaf scars.<br \/>Age: Pennsylvanian from Hardinsbury, Illinois. This kind of preservation is called a &#8220;Mold&#8221;.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_142\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3690.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-142\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-142\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3690-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Stigmaria is an underground root of Lepidodendrales. (preservation type: cast)\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3690-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3690-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3690-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-142\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stigmaria is an underground rootlike structure of Lepidodendrales, showing pattern of rootlet scars. (Preservation type: cast)<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_133\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3681.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-133\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-133\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3681-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Amber from the Oligocene-Miocene. Chiapas - Mexico.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3681-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3681-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3681-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-133\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L1-75: Amber from the Oligocene-Miocene. Chiapas &#8211; Mexico.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_132\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3680.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-132\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-132\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3680-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Resin from Douglas Fir (extant).\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3680-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3680-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3680-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-132\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L1-74: Resin from Douglas Fir (extant).<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_139\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3687.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-139\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-139\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3687-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Stromatolite, from Wyoming. Example of a chemical fossil\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3687-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3687-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3687-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-139\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L1-78: Stromatolite, from Wyoming. Example of a chemical fossil<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_137\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3685.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-137\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-137\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3685-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Stromatolite from Tindle Limestone, Manitoba, Ordovician. Chemical fossil\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3685-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3685-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3685-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-137\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L1-77: Stromatolite from Tindle Limestone, Manitoba, Ordovician. Chemical fossil<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_141\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3689.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-141\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-141\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3689-300x201.jpg\" alt=\"vbvvbvb\" width=\"300\" height=\"201\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3689-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3689-1024x686.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3689-624x418.jpg 624w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3689.jpg 1129w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-141\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L1-80: Oolitic limestones<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_140\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3688.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-140\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-140\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-140\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3688-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Dendrites of manganese oxid, from Genesee, AB.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3688-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3688-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/11\/IMG_3688-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-140\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L1-79: Dendrites of manganese oxid, from Genesee, AB. Age Eocene. A false fossil.<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Fossil is evidence of pre-existing life which has been preserved in different kind of rocks on earth. The definition of a fossil includes not only the remains of organisms, but tracks, footprints, imprints, etc. It can be difficult to differentiate between a fossil, and something that is just a dead plant or animal. In this [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1614,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1614"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7"}],"version-history":[{"count":37,"href":"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1492,"href":"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7\/revisions\/1492"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}