{"id":60,"date":"2015-12-13T12:46:23","date_gmt":"2015-12-13T19:46:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/?page_id=60"},"modified":"2020-05-13T17:34:52","modified_gmt":"2020-05-13T23:34:52","slug":"lab-05-homospory-heterospory-arborescent-lycopods-equisetum-calamitales-and-sphenophyllales","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/?page_id=60","title":{"rendered":"Lab 05 Sphenophytes"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_512\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4445-L8-1.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-512\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-512\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-512\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4445-L8-1-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Archaeocalamites from Nova Scotia. Age L. Carboniferous\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4445-L8-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4445-L8-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4445-L8-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4445-L8-1-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-512\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-1: Archaeocalamites from Nova Scotia. Age L. Carboniferous<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_511\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4449-L8-3.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-511\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-511\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-511\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4449-L8-3-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Pit cast of Calamites from Illinois. Age Pennsylvanian.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4449-L8-3-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4449-L8-3-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4449-L8-3-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4449-L8-3-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-511\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-2: Pit cast of Calamites from Illinois. Age Pennsylvanian.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_510\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4453-L8-4.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-510\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-510\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-510\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4453-L8-4-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Calamites cf. suckowi from Lingan Mine Dump, N.S. Age E. Pennsylvanian.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4453-L8-4-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4453-L8-4-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4453-L8-4-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4453-L8-4-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-510\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-4: Calamites cf. suckowi from Lingan Mine Dump, N.S. Age E. Pennsylvanian.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_509\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4456-L8-5.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-509\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-509\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-509\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4456-L8-5-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Pith cast of Calamites from Illinois. Age Pennsylvanian.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4456-L8-5-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4456-L8-5-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4456-L8-5-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4456-L8-5-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-509\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-5: Pith cast of Calamites from Illinois. Age Pennsylvanian.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_508\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4462-L8-7.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-508\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-508\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-508\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4462-L8-7-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Calamites from Illinois collected by W.N. Stewart\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4462-L8-7-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4462-L8-7-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4462-L8-7-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4462-L8-7-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-508\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-7: Calamites from Illinois collected by W.N. Stewart<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_507\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4463-L8-8.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-507\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-507\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-507\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4463-L8-8-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Calamites\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4463-L8-8-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4463-L8-8-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4463-L8-8-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4463-L8-8-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-507\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-8: Calamites<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_505\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4466-L8-9.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-505\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-505\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-505\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4466-L8-9-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Stem cast of Calamites with branch scars.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4466-L8-9-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4466-L8-9-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4466-L8-9-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4466-L8-9-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-505\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stem cast of Calamites with branch scars.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_504\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4469-L8-10.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-504\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-504\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-504\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4469-L8-10-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Pith cast of Calamites from Lewis Creek, Kentucky. Age L. Pennsylvanian.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4469-L8-10-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4469-L8-10-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4469-L8-10-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4469-L8-10-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-504\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-10: Pith cast of Calamites from Lewis Creek, Kentucky. Age L. Pennsylvanian.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_503\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4471-L8-11.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-503\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-503\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-503\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4471-L8-11-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Peel of Arthropitys x.s. of stem. Origin N.A. Age Pennylvanian.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4471-L8-11-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4471-L8-11-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4471-L8-11-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4471-L8-11-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-503\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-11: Peel of Arthropitys x.s. of stem. Origin N.A. Age Pennylvanian.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_502\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4480-L8-12.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-502\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-502\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-502\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4480-L8-12-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Peel of a young stem of Arthropitys from N.A. Age Pennsylvanian.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4480-L8-12-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4480-L8-12-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4480-L8-12-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4480-L8-12-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-502\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-12: Peel of a young stem of Arthropitys from N.A. Age Pennsylvanian.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_501\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4482-L8-17.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-501\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-501\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-501\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4482-L8-17-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Peels of Calamites stems x.s.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4482-L8-17-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4482-L8-17-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4482-L8-17-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4482-L8-17-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-501\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Peels of Calamites stems x.s.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_499\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4488-L8-17.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-499\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-499\" class=\"wp-image-499 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4488-L8-17-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_4488 L8-17\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4488-L8-17-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4488-L8-17-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4488-L8-17-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4488-L8-17-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-499\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-17: Peel of Calamites stem x.s.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_498\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4493-L8-18.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-498\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-498\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-498\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4493-L8-18-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Calamites stem x.s. from Lewis Creek, Kentucky. Age L.Pennsylvanian.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4493-L8-18-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4493-L8-18-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4493-L8-18-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4493-L8-18-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-498\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-18: Calamites stem x.s. from Lewis Creek, Kentucky. Age L.Pennsylvanian.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_496\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4496-L8-21.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-496\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-496\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-496\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4496-L8-21-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Calamites stem x.s. from Shore LIttleborough. Age Carboniferous.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4496-L8-21-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4496-L8-21-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4496-L8-21-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4496-L8-21-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-496\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-21: Calamites stem x.s. from Shore LIttleborough. Age Carboniferous.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_495\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4502-L8-24.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-495\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-495\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-495\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4502-L8-24-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Calamodendron x.s.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4502-L8-24-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4502-L8-24-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4502-L8-24-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4502-L8-24-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-495\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-24: Calamodendron x.s.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_494\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4509-L8-28.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-494\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-494\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-494\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4509-L8-28-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Leaves of Calamites. Annularia radiate from Mazon Creek. Age Pennsylvanian\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4509-L8-28-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4509-L8-28-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4509-L8-28-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4509-L8-28-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-494\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-26: Leaves of Calamites. Annularia radiate from Mazon Creek. Age Pennsylvanian<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_493\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4510-L8-30.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-493\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-493\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-493\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4510-L8-30-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Annularia from Mazon Creek. Age Pennsylvanian.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4510-L8-30-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4510-L8-30-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4510-L8-30-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4510-L8-30-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-493\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-27: Annularia from Mazon Creek. Age Pennsylvanian.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_492\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4516-L8-33.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-492\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-492\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-492\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4516-L8-33-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Annularia sp. from Ottawa, Kansas. Age Pennsylvanian\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4516-L8-33-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4516-L8-33-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4516-L8-33-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4516-L8-33-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-492\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-33: Annularia sp. from Ottawa, Kansas. Age Pennsylvanian<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_491\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4517-L8-34.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-491\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-491\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-491\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4517-L8-34-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Asterophyllites from Mazon Creek. Age Pennsylvanian.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4517-L8-34-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4517-L8-34-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4517-L8-34-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4517-L8-34-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-491\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-34: Asterophyllites from Mazon Creek. Age Pennsylvanian.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_490\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4528-L8-40.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-490\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-490\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-490\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4528-L8-40-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Asterophylittes equisetiformis from Lingan Mine Dump, N.S.. Age Carboniferous.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4528-L8-40-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4528-L8-40-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4528-L8-40-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4528-L8-40-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-490\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-40: Asterophylittes equisetiformis from Lingan Mine Dump, N.S.. Age Carboniferous.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_489\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4529-L8-41.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-489\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-489\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-489\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4529-L8-41-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Annularia hoskinsii x.s. leaves from Shade,Ohio. Age Pennsylvanian.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4529-L8-41-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4529-L8-41-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4529-L8-41-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4529-L8-41-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-489\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-41: Annularia hoskinsii x.s. leaves from Shade,Ohio. Age Pennsylvanian.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_488\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4534-L8-46.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-488\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-488\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-488\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4534-L8-46-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Asteromyelon sp. x.s. of calamites root\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4534-L8-46-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4534-L8-46-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4534-L8-46-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4534-L8-46-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-488\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-46: Asteromyelon sp. x.s. of calamites root<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_487\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4536-L8-47.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-487\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-487\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-487\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4536-L8-47-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Calamostachys from Maxon Creek. Age U. Pennsylvanian.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4536-L8-47-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4536-L8-47-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4536-L8-47-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4536-L8-47-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-487\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-47: Calamostachys from Mazon Creek. Age U. Pennsylvanian.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_486\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4540-L8-49.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-486\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-486\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-486\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4540-L8-49-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Calamostachys l.s. of cone from Montevallo, Alabama. Age Pennsylvanian.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4540-L8-49-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4540-L8-49-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4540-L8-49-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4540-L8-49-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-486\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-49: Calamostachys l.s. of cone from Montevallo, Alabama. Age Pennsylvanian.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_485\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4547-L8-51.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-485\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-485\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-485\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4547-L8-51-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Calamostachys l.s. cone from Lingan Mine Dump, N.S.. Age Carbonifeours. \" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4547-L8-51-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4547-L8-51-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4547-L8-51-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4547-L8-51-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-485\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-51: Calamostachys l.s. cone from Lingan Mine Dump, N.S.. Age Carbonifeours.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_484\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4555-L8-55.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-484\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-484\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-484\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4555-L8-55-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Peel of Calamostachys americana x.s. of cone\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4555-L8-55-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4555-L8-55-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4555-L8-55-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4555-L8-55-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-484\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-55: Peel of Calamostachys americana x.s. of cone<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_483\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4556-L8-56.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-483\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-483\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-483\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4556-L8-56-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Peel of Calamostachys l.s. cone from Lewis Creek, Kentucky. Age L. Pennsylvanian\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4556-L8-56-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4556-L8-56-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4556-L8-56-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4556-L8-56-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-483\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-56: Peel of Calamostachys l.s. cone from Lewis Creek, Kentucky. Age L. Pennsylvanian<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_482\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4560-L8-58.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-482\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-482\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-482\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4560-L8-58-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Calamostachys binneyana, showing microspores and megaspores. Specimen is from England. Age Carboniferous\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4560-L8-58-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4560-L8-58-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4560-L8-58-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4560-L8-58-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-482\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-57: Calamostachys binneyana, showing microspores and megaspores. Specimen is from England. Age Carboniferous<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_479\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4563-L8-61.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-479\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-479\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-479\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4563-L8-61-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Calamocarpon insignis l.s. of sporangia. Age M. Pennsylvanian. \" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4563-L8-61-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4563-L8-61-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4563-L8-61-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4563-L8-61-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-479\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-61: Calamocarpon insignis l.s. of sporangia. Age M. Pennsylvanian.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_478\" style=\"width: 210px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4565-L8-64-e1450643381707.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-478\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-478\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-478\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4565-L8-64-e1450643381707-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"Calamostachys from Mazon Creek\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4565-L8-64-e1450643381707-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4565-L8-64-e1450643381707-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4565-L8-64-e1450643381707-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4565-L8-64-e1450643381707-624x936.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-478\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-64: Calamostachys from Mazon Creek<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_477\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4568-L8-66.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-477\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-477\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-477\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4568-L8-66-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Palaeostachya decacnema l.s. of cone\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4568-L8-66-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4568-L8-66-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4568-L8-66-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4568-L8-66-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-477\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-65: Palaeostachya decacnema l.s. of cone<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_476\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4570-L8-70.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-476\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-476\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-476\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4570-L8-70-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Neocalamites foxii from India. Age M-U Triassic.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4570-L8-70-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4570-L8-70-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4570-L8-70-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4570-L8-70-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-476\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-69: Neocalamites foxii from India. Age M-U Triassic.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_474\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4576-L8-78.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-474\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-474\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-474\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4576-L8-78-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Sphenophyllum leaves, compression. Age Pennsylvanian.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4576-L8-78-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4576-L8-78-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4576-L8-78-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4576-L8-78-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-474\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-78: Sphenophyllum leaves, compression. Age Pennsylvanian.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_473\" style=\"width: 210px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4577-L8-80-e1450642551825.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-473\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-473\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-473\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4577-L8-80-e1450642551825-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"Sphenophyllum fasciculatum from Alabama, Pottsville Fm.\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4577-L8-80-e1450642551825-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4577-L8-80-e1450642551825-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4577-L8-80-e1450642551825-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4577-L8-80-e1450642551825-624x936.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-473\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-80: Sphenophyllum fasciculatum from Alabama, Pottsville Fm.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_472\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4583-L8-85.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-472\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-472\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-472\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4583-L8-85-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Sphenophyllum leaves from Knoxville, Tennesee.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4583-L8-85-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4583-L8-85-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4583-L8-85-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4583-L8-85-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-472\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-85: Sphenophyllum leaves from Knoxville, Tennesee.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_470\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4590-L8-88.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-470\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-470\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-470\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4590-L8-88-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Sphenophyllum leaves from Knowville, Tennesee.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4590-L8-88-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4590-L8-88-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4590-L8-88-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4590-L8-88-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-470\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-88: Sphenophyllum leaves from Knowville, Tennesee.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_469\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4593-L8-89.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-469\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-469\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-469\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4593-L8-89-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Sphenophyllum stem x.s. \" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4593-L8-89-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4593-L8-89-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4593-L8-89-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4593-L8-89-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-469\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-89: Sphenophyllum stem x.s.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_468\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4598-L8-90.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-468\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-468\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-468\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4598-L8-90-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Peel of Sphenophyllum older stem x.s. Age M. Pennsylvanian\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4598-L8-90-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4598-L8-90-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4598-L8-90-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4598-L8-90-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-468\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-90: Peel of Sphenophyllum older stem x.s. Age M. Pennsylvanian.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_467\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4601-L8-96.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-467\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-467\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-467\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4601-L8-96-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Peel showing Equisetites roots in cross section\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4601-L8-96-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4601-L8-96-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4601-L8-96-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4601-L8-96-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-467\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-96: Peel showing Sphenophyllum roots in cross section<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_466\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4603-L8-97.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-466\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-466\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-466\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4603-L8-97-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Peel showing l.s. bracts, sporangia and sporangiophores. Age Carboniferous.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4603-L8-97-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4603-L8-97-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4603-L8-97-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4603-L8-97-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-466\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-97: Peel showing l.s. bracts, sporangia and sporangiophores. Age Carboniferous.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_465\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4607-L8-99.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-465\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-465\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-465\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4607-L8-99-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Equisetites arctic from Driftwood Creek, B.C. Age M. Eocene.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4607-L8-99-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4607-L8-99-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4607-L8-99-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4607-L8-99-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-465\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-99: Equisetites arctic from Driftwood Creek, B.C. Age M. Eocene.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_464\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4608-L8-100.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-464\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-464\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-464\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4608-L8-100-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Equisetites fragment from the Drumheller area. Age U. Cretaceous.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4608-L8-100-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4608-L8-100-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4608-L8-100-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4608-L8-100-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-464\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-100: Equisetites fragment from the Drumheller area. Age U. Cretaceous.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_459\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4614-L8-103.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-459\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-459\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-459\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4614-L8-103-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"A small fragment of a stem of Equisetites arcticum showing the node with the remnants of leaves. From Smokey Tower, Paskapoo Fm. Age Paleocene.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4614-L8-103-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4614-L8-103-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4614-L8-103-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4614-L8-103-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-459\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-103: A small fragment of a stem of Equisetites arcticum showing the node with the remnants of leaves. From Smokey Tower, Paskapoo Fm. Age Paleocene.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_457\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4616-L8-104.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-457\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-457\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-457\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4616-L8-104-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Equisetites stem from Joseph Creek, B.C. Age M. Eocene. Note the nodes with the reduced leaves.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4616-L8-104-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4616-L8-104-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4616-L8-104-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4616-L8-104-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-457\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-104: Equisetites stem from Joseph Creek, B.C. Age M. Eocene.<br \/>Note the nodes with the reduced leaves.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_456\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4618-L8-105.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-456\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-456\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-456\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4618-L8-105-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Four specimens of Equisetites arcticum showing rhizomes, tubers and leaf sheaths. From Smokey Tower, Paskapoo Fm. Age Paleocene.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4618-L8-105-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4618-L8-105-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4618-L8-105-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4618-L8-105-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-456\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-105: Four specimens of Equisetites arcticum showing rhizomes, tubers and leaf sheaths. From Smokey Tower, Paskapoo Fm. Age Paleocene.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_455\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4623-L8-106.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-455\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-455\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-455\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4623-L8-106-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Extant stem of Equisetum. Note the darker notes where the tiny small leaves are.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4623-L8-106-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4623-L8-106-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4623-L8-106-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4623-L8-106-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-455\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Extant stem of Equisetum. Note the darker notes where the tiny small leaves are.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_454\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4624-L8-106.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-454\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-454\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-454\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4624-L8-106-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Extant Equisetum rhizome with tubers?\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4624-L8-106-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4624-L8-106-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4624-L8-106-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4624-L8-106-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-454\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-106: Extant Equisetum rhizome with tubers.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_452\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4628-L8-108.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-452\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-452\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-452\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4628-L8-108-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Phyllotheca indica a from Rainganj coalfield. Age Upper Permian.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4628-L8-108-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4628-L8-108-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4628-L8-108-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4628-L8-108-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-452\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-108: Phyllotheca indica a from Rainganj coalfield. Age Upper Permian.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_451\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4631-L8-109.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-451\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-451\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-451\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4631-L8-109-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Calamites cone from Murphysboro, Illinois. Age Pennsylanian. \" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4631-L8-109-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4631-L8-109-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4631-L8-109-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4631-L8-109-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-451\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-109: Calamites cone from Murphysboro, Illinois. Age Pennsylanian.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_446\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4637-L6-117.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-446\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-446\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-446\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4637-L6-117-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Phyllotheca a morphogenus this one from India. However, it is widely distributed from the Pennsylvanian to the a Permian.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4637-L6-117-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4637-L6-117-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4637-L6-117-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4637-L6-117-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-446\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-117: Phyllotheca a morphogenus this one from India. However, it is widely distributed from the Pennsylvanian to the Permian.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_256\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4220-L5-11.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-256\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-256\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4220-L5-11-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Colpodexylon from N.Y. Age Upper Devonian. Note spiral arrangement of leaf scars.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4220-L5-11-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4220-L5-11-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4220-L5-11-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-256\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L5-27: Colpodexylon from N.Y. Age Upper Devonian. Note spiral arrangement of leaf scars.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_444\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4641-L8-118.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-444\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-444\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-444\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4641-L8-118-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Schizoneura gondwansis from Bika, India. Age U. Permian.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4641-L8-118-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4641-L8-118-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4641-L8-118-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4641-L8-118-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-444\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-118: Schizoneura gondwansis from Bika, India. Age U. Permian.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_443\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4642-L8-119.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-443\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-443\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-443\" src=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4642-L8-119-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Equisetum tuber? from Horseshoe Canyon Fm. Age Upper Cretaceous.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4642-L8-119-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4642-L8-119-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4642-L8-119-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2015\/12\/IMG_4642-L8-119-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-443\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L8-119: Equisetum tuber from Horseshoe Canyon Fm. Age Upper Cretaceous.<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1614,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-60","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/60","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1614"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=60"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/60\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1479,"href":"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/60\/revisions\/1479"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/grad.biology.ualberta.ca\/paleobotany\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=60"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}